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Popular Highlights in this book
Purposes are deduced from behavior, not from rhetoric or stated goals.Highlighted by 13,399 Kindle readers- Keeping sub-purposes and overall system purposes in harmony is an essential function of successful systems.Highlighted by 10,907 Kindle readers
- An important function of almost every system is to ensure its own perpetuation.Highlighted by 10,020 Kindle readers
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systems are all around us!
Thinking in systems is analogous to ‘zooming out’ and looking at something from a broader perspective. Whether you are examining the functions of a social body, a corporate body, a governmental body, or a human body, the processes are generally the same. Each system has an intended goal (strengthening community bonds, monetary growth, keeping the body alive) and it has different processes for how it achieves this goal.All systems have a ‘stock’ which is the foundation of what the system uses to achieve its goal. Stocks are things like “the water in a bathtub, a population, the books in a bookstore, the wood in a tree, the money in a bank, your own self-confidence,” which are subject to the flows of the system. “Flows are filling and draining, births and deaths, purchases and sales, growth and decay, deposits and withdrawals, successes and failures.” Stock is what you have at any one moment in time and the flow is how it changes.Let’s take the human body as an example. The body’s stock is comprised of its organs, bones, muscles, tissues, and all the things on the inside that keep it running. The body’s flow is the intake of food and water, which the system translates into energy, and the output of this energy as human waste. The goal of this system is to keep the body alive.When systems get tricky is when the reported goal of a system is different from the results it tangibly achieves. For example, what is the ostensible goal of a business? Most business owners would tell you their goal is to deliver customer satisfaction in the form of whatever it is they make and sell, whether it be haircuts or hot meals. This is true for local businesses, but larger businesses are more honest when they admit their company goal is to make a profit. In reality, the true goal of most businesses in a capitalistic system is “to grow, to increase market share, [and] to bring the world (customers, suppliers, regulators) more and more under the control of the corporation.” Ask yourself this: Does McDonald’s pride itself more on its delicious hamburgers or its worldwide recognition?A system that I have been considering lately is our doctoral system here in the United States. Many doctors work 70-80 hour weeks with overnight hours which means a rotating sleep schedule and off-beat eating habits. The fastest you can reasonably become a doctor is after passing 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and then completing a 5 year residency. If you graduate high school at age 18, you are finishing your residency at age 31 (probably with hundreds of thousands of dollars of student loans). These are tough conditions and high standards. Our society’s system for training and managing doctors has developed alongside the growth of society for hundreds of years, which means that all of these mechanisms were developed for good purposes. For one thing, there is simply so much more that we know about medicine and the human body that must be learned. It still remains that a major symptom of this system is overtired doctors and we need to adjust the flow and help them out. Alternatively, consider the system surrounding the careers of professors. Tenure was implemented in order to gives teachers academic freedom, which is a good thing. One of its symptoms, however, is that the process of achieving tenure has become ultra competitive.What happens when a country’s goals are poorly defined? Here in the United States, and in many western countries, we measure our economic goals by our level of GNP (gross national product), which is the value of the final goods and services produced by the economy. This number, however, says nothing about our health, happiness, beauty, strength, intelligence or integrity. Our GNP rises if there are more car accidents and medical bills. Defining business and economics in this way has cost humanity in many major ways including environmental degradation, monopolization of markets by huge corporations, and the suction of wealth from the lower classes to the higher.All of this analysis leads us to the inevitable question: how do we change a system? The first thing to define is which system we wish to investigate and alter. This is important because there are no separate systems. The world is a continuum. “Where to draw a boundary around a system depends on the purpose of the discussion—the questions we want to ask.” If your house is too cold, then you must examine the insulation and the thermostat. If your body is sick, you must examine the fuel you are putting into it and the people you allow around it. If your country is broken, that too must be examined. Is it the social system, the environmental system, or the governmental system? Is it the financial system, the educational system, or the welfare system? The reality, of course, is that problems lie within each of these systems independently and also as a whole. There are no easy answers here, the difficultly lying in the fact that the farther one zooms out, the more overlapped all of these systems become. To change one requires the agreement and movement of masses of people in one unified direction. But what if fixing one environmental problem causes a cultural one? Or vice versa? The complexities are never-ending.If you zoom all the way out, you can see that all of us are connected across time and space. “Actions taken now [will] have some immediate effects and some that radiate out for decades to come. We experience now the consequences of actions set in motion yesterday and decades ago and centuries ago.” Many of the systems we inhabit today are like rivers that we were thrown mercilessly into. They were already running, predetermined by forces and people who came long before us, and while it is our job to stay afloat while we are on the water, and to improve upon them as best we can, they will continue to run long after we are gone.
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Thinking in systems is analogous to ‘zooming out’ and looking at something from a broader perspective. Whether you are examining the functions of a social body, a corporate body, a governmental body, or a human body, the processes are generally the same. Each system has an intended goal (strengthening community bonds, monetary growth, keeping the body alive) and it has different processes for how it achieves this goal.
All systems have a ‘stock’ which is the foundation of what the system uses to achieve its goal. Stocks are things like “the water in a bathtub, a population, the books in a bookstore, the wood in a tree, the money in a bank, your own self-confidence,” which are subject to the flows of the system. “Flows are filling and draining, births and deaths, purchases and sales, growth and decay, deposits and withdrawals, successes and failures.” Stock is what you have at any one moment in time and the flow is how it changes.
Let’s take the human body as an example. The body’s stock is comprised of its organs, bones, muscles, tissues, and all the things on the inside that keep it running. The body’s flow is the intake of food and water, which the system translates into energy, and the output of this energy as human waste. The goal of this system is to keep the body alive.
When systems get tricky is when the reported goal of a system is different from the results it tangibly achieves. For example, what is the ostensible goal of a business? Most business owners would tell you their goal is to deliver customer satisfaction in the form of whatever it is they make and sell, whether it be haircuts or hot meals. This is true for local businesses, but larger businesses are more honest when they admit their company goal is to make a profit. In reality, the true goal of most businesses in a capitalistic system is “to grow, to increase market share, [and] to bring the world (customers, suppliers, regulators) more and more under the control of the corporation.” Ask yourself this: Does McDonald’s pride itself more on its delicious hamburgers or its worldwide recognition?
A system that I have been considering lately is our doctoral system here in the United States. Many doctors work 70-80 hour weeks with overnight hours which means a rotating sleep schedule and off-beat eating habits. The fastest you can reasonably become a doctor is after passing 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and then completing a 5 year residency. If you graduate high school at age 18, you are finishing your residency at age 31 (probably with hundreds of thousands of dollars of student loans). These are tough conditions and high standards. Our society’s system for training and managing doctors has developed alongside the growth of society for hundreds of years, which means that all of these mechanisms were developed for good purposes. For one thing, there is simply so much more that we know about medicine and the human body that must be learned. It still remains that a major symptom of this system is overtired doctors and we need to adjust the flow and help them out. Alternatively, consider the system surrounding the careers of professors. Tenure was implemented in order to gives teachers academic freedom, which is a good thing. One of its symptoms, however, is that the process of achieving tenure has become ultra competitive.
What happens when a country’s goals are poorly defined? Here in the United States, and in many western countries, we measure our economic goals by our level of GNP (gross national product), which is the value of the final goods and services produced by the economy. This number, however, says nothing about our health, happiness, beauty, strength, intelligence or integrity. Our GNP rises if there are more car accidents and medical bills. Defining business and economics in this way has cost humanity in many major ways including environmental degradation, monopolization of markets by huge corporations, and the suction of wealth from the lower classes to the higher.
All of this analysis leads us to the inevitable question: how do we change a system? The first thing to define is which system we wish to investigate and alter. This is important because there are no separate systems. The world is a continuum. “Where to draw a boundary around a system depends on the purpose of the discussion—the questions we want to ask.” If your house is too cold, then you must examine the insulation and the thermostat. If your body is sick, you must examine the fuel you are putting into it and the people you allow around it. If your country is broken, that too must be examined. Is it the social system, the environmental system, or the governmental system? Is it the financial system, the educational system, or the welfare system? The reality, of course, is that problems lie within each of these systems independently and also as a whole. There are no easy answers here, the difficultly lying in the fact that the farther one zooms out, the more overlapped all of these systems become. To change one requires the agreement and movement of masses of people in one unified direction. But what if fixing one environmental problem causes a cultural one? Or vice versa? The complexities are never-ending.
If you zoom all the way out, you can see that all of us are connected across time and space. “Actions taken now [will] have some immediate effects and some that radiate out for decades to come. We experience now the consequences of actions set in motion yesterday and decades ago and centuries ago.” Many of the systems we inhabit today are like rivers that we were thrown mercilessly into. They were already running, predetermined by forces and people who came long before us, and while it is our job to stay afloat while we are on the water, and to improve upon them as best we can, they will continue to run long after we are gone.
All systems have a ‘stock’ which is the foundation of what the system uses to achieve its goal. Stocks are things like “the water in a bathtub, a population, the books in a bookstore, the wood in a tree, the money in a bank, your own self-confidence,” which are subject to the flows of the system. “Flows are filling and draining, births and deaths, purchases and sales, growth and decay, deposits and withdrawals, successes and failures.” Stock is what you have at any one moment in time and the flow is how it changes.
Let’s take the human body as an example. The body’s stock is comprised of its organs, bones, muscles, tissues, and all the things on the inside that keep it running. The body’s flow is the intake of food and water, which the system translates into energy, and the output of this energy as human waste. The goal of this system is to keep the body alive.
When systems get tricky is when the reported goal of a system is different from the results it tangibly achieves. For example, what is the ostensible goal of a business? Most business owners would tell you their goal is to deliver customer satisfaction in the form of whatever it is they make and sell, whether it be haircuts or hot meals. This is true for local businesses, but larger businesses are more honest when they admit their company goal is to make a profit. In reality, the true goal of most businesses in a capitalistic system is “to grow, to increase market share, [and] to bring the world (customers, suppliers, regulators) more and more under the control of the corporation.” Ask yourself this: Does McDonald’s pride itself more on its delicious hamburgers or its worldwide recognition?
A system that I have been considering lately is our doctoral system here in the United States. Many doctors work 70-80 hour weeks with overnight hours which means a rotating sleep schedule and off-beat eating habits. The fastest you can reasonably become a doctor is after passing 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and then completing a 5 year residency. If you graduate high school at age 18, you are finishing your residency at age 31 (probably with hundreds of thousands of dollars of student loans). These are tough conditions and high standards. Our society’s system for training and managing doctors has developed alongside the growth of society for hundreds of years, which means that all of these mechanisms were developed for good purposes. For one thing, there is simply so much more that we know about medicine and the human body that must be learned. It still remains that a major symptom of this system is overtired doctors and we need to adjust the flow and help them out. Alternatively, consider the system surrounding the careers of professors. Tenure was implemented in order to gives teachers academic freedom, which is a good thing. One of its symptoms, however, is that the process of achieving tenure has become ultra competitive.
What happens when a country’s goals are poorly defined? Here in the United States, and in many western countries, we measure our economic goals by our level of GNP (gross national product), which is the value of the final goods and services produced by the economy. This number, however, says nothing about our health, happiness, beauty, strength, intelligence or integrity. Our GNP rises if there are more car accidents and medical bills. Defining business and economics in this way has cost humanity in many major ways including environmental degradation, monopolization of markets by huge corporations, and the suction of wealth from the lower classes to the higher.
All of this analysis leads us to the inevitable question: how do we change a system? The first thing to define is which system we wish to investigate and alter. This is important because there are no separate systems. The world is a continuum. “Where to draw a boundary around a system depends on the purpose of the discussion—the questions we want to ask.” If your house is too cold, then you must examine the insulation and the thermostat. If your body is sick, you must examine the fuel you are putting into it and the people you allow around it. If your country is broken, that too must be examined. Is it the social system, the environmental system, or the governmental system? Is it the financial system, the educational system, or the welfare system? The reality, of course, is that problems lie within each of these systems independently and also as a whole. There are no easy answers here, the difficultly lying in the fact that the farther one zooms out, the more overlapped all of these systems become. To change one requires the agreement and movement of masses of people in one unified direction. But what if fixing one environmental problem causes a cultural one? Or vice versa? The complexities are never-ending.
If you zoom all the way out, you can see that all of us are connected across time and space. “Actions taken now [will] have some immediate effects and some that radiate out for decades to come. We experience now the consequences of actions set in motion yesterday and decades ago and centuries ago.” Many of the systems we inhabit today are like rivers that we were thrown mercilessly into. They were already running, predetermined by forces and people who came long before us, and while it is our job to stay afloat while we are on the water, and to improve upon them as best we can, they will continue to run long after we are gone.
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Top reviews from other countries
Gabriel Fernandes
Referência para o pensamento sistêmico
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Bare essential for anyone looking to do good in the world
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